From the founding of Charles Town in 1670 the Carolina colony built a trade in Indigenous captives, supplying guns and goods to allied nations — the Westo, later the Yamasee, Creek and Chickasaw — in exchange for people taken in raids. The largest single campaign, led by Governor James Moore against the Spanish mission provinces of Florida in 1702-1706, destroyed the Apalachee missions and carried off many thousands. Captives were held on Carolina plantations or shipped to the West Indies, Virginia and New England, where escape was harder. Alan Gallay's reconstruction puts the total enslaved at 24,000-51,000, exceeding the colony's African imports of the same period. The system helped depopulate the interior Southeast, drove the coalescence of refugee peoples into new confederacies, and collapsed with the Yamasee War of 1715-1717, when the colony's principal suppliers turned on it. The atlas had no entry for Indigenous enslavement in colonial North America outside New England.
Carolina traders armed Indigenous allies to raid for captives, who were enslaved on southern plantations or shipped to the Caribbean and the northern colonies
Peter H. Wood's reconstruction of the colonial South from colonial censuses, trader estimates and mission records puts the region's Indigenous population at roughly 199,000 in 1685, falling to about 90,000 by 1730. The estimate is built from named nations rather than a single count and carries wide uncertainty.
No count exists for deaths in raids, in transit or in slavery. Spanish accounts of the Apalachee raids describe killings and the torture of mission Indians; Gallay argues that mortality from the slaving wars and the epidemics they spread was a principal cause of Indigenous population decline in the Southeast, but does not put a number to it.
Spanish mission records and English colonial accounts, synthesised by Alan Gallay, document the raids on the Florida missions, the killing of resisters and the taking of women and children as slaves.
United States of America, Jamaica