England and France were the first major European kingdoms to expel their Jewish populations outright. Edward I's edict of 18 July 1290 gave the Jews of England until 1 November to leave, following decades of punitive taxation that had exhausted the community's wealth, the Statute of the Jewry of 1275 banning lending at interest, and the executions of 1278–1279 over coin-clipping charges; the crown took the outstanding debts and the property. Philip IV of France ordered mass arrests on 22 July 1306, confiscated the property and expelled the community, recalling them in 1315 under fiscal pressure; further expulsions followed in 1322 and, definitively, in 1394 under Charles VI. In each case the expulsion was accompanied by confiscation, and in each case fiscal motive is visible in the record. England's Jews did not return in organised form until the seventeenth century.
Edward I expelled the Jews of England in 1290; Philip IV expelled those of France in 1306 and seized their property; after readmission, Charles VI expelled them again and definitively in 1394
Modern scholarship puts England's Jews at 2,000-3,000 in 1290, well below the 16,000 given by older chronicles, reconstructed from the Exchequer of the Jews and tallage rolls. France's Jewish population in 1306 is estimated at anywhere from 50,000 to 140,000, from royal confiscation records. The combined figure is therefore almost entirely French and carries a wide margin.
These were expulsions rather than killings, and no significant death toll is documented for either edict. English chronicles record a group of expelled Jews drowned by a ship's master in the Thames estuary in 1290, an incident for which the master was prosecuted; it involved a small number of people and stands out precisely because it was exceptional.
The mass arrest of France's Jews on a single day in July 1306 preceding their expulsion and the confiscation of their property is documented in the French royal records.
United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Italy