During and after the American Revolutionary War, the revolutionary states passed confiscation and banishment acts against those who remained loyal to the Crown, seizing estates and in several states making return a capital offence. Around 60,000 white Loyalists left, together with some 15,000 Black people: enslaved people carried out by their owners, and about 3,000 who had been promised freedom for reaching British lines and were evacuated from New York in 1783 on the strength of the Book of Negroes, over American objections. Most went to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec, some to Britain, the Bahamas and Jamaica; about 1,200 Black Loyalists, disappointed by conditions in Nova Scotia, sailed on to Sierra Leone in 1792. Britain's Haudenosaunee allies, whose villages had been destroyed by the Sullivan expedition of 1779, resettled on the Grand River. The 1783 Treaty of Paris recommended restitution of confiscated property; the states largely ignored it. The atlas had almost nothing for North America between the Acadian expulsion and Indian Removal.
Revolutionary state governments confiscated Loyalist property and banished Loyalists by statute; some 60,000 white Loyalists, 15,000 enslaved and free Black people and thousands of Haudenosaunee allies left for British territory
Colonial population series compiled from tax lists and militia returns, and reproduced by the US Census Bureau's historical statistics, put the Thirteen Colonies at roughly 2.4-2.5 million in 1775, including about half a million enslaved people. Estimates of Loyalist sympathisers run to a fifth or a third of the free population, of whom about 60,000 whites and 15,000 Black Loyalists actually left.
There was no mass killing associated with the exodus itself, though Loyalists suffered tarring, whipping and lynching at the hands of committees and mobs, and mortality was high among Black Loyalists in the first Nova Scotian winters. No counts were kept.
State confiscation and banishment statutes and the files of the British Loyalist Claims Commission document the seizure of property and the stripping of citizenship.
Sierra Leone, United States of America, Canada