Nanyue, founded by a former Qin commander after the collapse of the Qin, ruled the far south and northern Vietnam for about a century until Emperor Wu of Han sent an expedition that took its capital at Panyu in 111 BCE and abolished the kingdom. Its territory was divided into commanderies under direct imperial administration, and the region became a target for sustained Chinese settlement, which over the following centuries brought the sinicisation of Guangdong and Guangxi and introduced Chinese administration and culture into northern Vietnam, beginning a period of northern rule that Vietnamese historiography treats as the first era of Chinese domination. The conquest is recorded as a territorial annexation rather than a mass deportation; the demographic consequences accumulated over generations through settlement, garrisoning and the imposition of Han administration, and no contemporary source quantifies them.
Emperor Wu of Han destroyed the kingdom of Nanyue and annexed its territory, dividing it into commanderies and opening the region to Chinese settlement
The only usable count is the Han census of 2 CE, preserved in the Book of Han, which registers roughly 1.3-1.4 million people across the commanderies carved from Nanyue - Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan. It postdates the conquest by more than a century, counts taxpaying registered households, and almost certainly omits much of the upland non-Han population.
No significant recorded death toll beyond the fighting of a short campaign. The Chinese histories describe the capture of the capital and the execution of the Nanyue leadership rather than mass killing of the population.
China